Incamake y'ibyago
Ingaruka ku buzima: Itera ububabare ku ruhu no mu mitsi kandi ikagira ingaruka ku mitsi yo hagati.
Uburozi bukabije: Guhumeka iki gicuruzwa kinini mu gihe gito bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bigaragara by’ubushyuhe mu maso no mu myanya yo hejuru y’ubuhumekero, kubyimba kw’amaso no mu gifu, kuzunguruka, kuribwa umutwe, isesemi, kuruka, gufunga igituza, intege nke z’amaguru, kugenda buhoro buhoro no kwitiranya ibintu. Abarwayi bakomeye bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo guhungabana, kuribwa mu nda, no kwiheba.
Uburozi buhoraho: Kuryama igihe kirekire bishobora gutera indwara ya neurasthenic syndrome, kwiyongera k'umwijima, no guhindagurika k'imihango ku bagore bakora akazi. Bishobora kandi gutera uruhu rwumye, gucikamo ibice, no kurwara dermatitis.
Ingaruka ku bidukikije: Biteza akaga gakomeye ku bidukikije kandi bishobora kwanduza ikirere, ibidukikije byo mu mazi, n'amasoko y'amazi.
Ubushyuhe n'ingaruka zo guturika: Iki gicuruzwa kirashya kandi kirakaza.
Uburozi: Bushyirwa mu cyiciro cy'uburozi buke.
Uburozi bukabije: LD50 5000mg/kg (iterwa mu kanwa mu mbeba); LC50 12124mg/kg (iterwa mu ruhu mu nkwavu); guhumeka 71.4 g/m³ ku muntu byica mu gihe gito; guhumeka 3 g/m³ ku muntu mu gihe cy'isaha 1-8 bitera uburozi bukabije; guhumeka 0.2–0.3 g/m³ ku muntu mu gihe cy'amasaha 8 bitera ibimenyetso by'uburozi.
Kurakazwa:
Kugaragara kw'amaso y'umuntu: 300ppm bitera uburibwe.
Kugaragara k'uruhu rw'urukwavu: 500mg bitera uburibwe buri ku rugero.
Uburozi bwo mu bwoko bwa Subacute n'ubumara buhoraho: Imbeba n'ingurube zo mu bwoko bwa Guinea zahumekewemo 390 mg/m³ amasaha 8 ku munsi mu gihe cy'iminsi 90-127 zagaragaje impinduka mu mikorere y'amaraso n'ingingo zikora ku mubiri.
Guhindura imiterere y'umubiri: Ikizamini cya micronucleus: Guhabwa 200 mg/kg mu mbeba. Isesengura rya cytogenetike: imbeba zahumetse umwuka wa 5400 μg/m³ mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 16 (igihe gito).
Uburozi bwo kubyara: Imbeba zagaragaye ku rugero rwo hasi cyane rw’uburozi (TCL0) rwa 1.5 g/m³ mu masaha 24 (iminsi ya 1-18 yo gutwita) zagaragaje uburozi mu rusoro no mu mikurire y’imitsi. Imbeba zagaragaye ku rugero rwo hasi cyane rw’uburozi (TCL0) rwa 500 mg/m³ mu masaha 24 (iminsi ya 6-13 yo gutwita) zagaragaje uburozi mu rusoro.
Ihinduka ry’umubiri n’igabanuka ry’imisemburo: Toluene yinjizwa mu mubiri ishyirwamo 80% muri benzyl alcohol iyo NADP irimo, hanyuma ijyamo benzaldehyde iyo NAD irimo, hanyuma ikongera ijyamo benzoic acid. Hanyuma ihuzwa na glycine iyo coenzyme A irimo na adenosine triphosphate bigatuma habaho aside hippuric. Kubwibyo, 16%–20% bya toluene yinjizwa mu mubiri w’umuntu isohoka mu buryo budahinduka binyuze mu nzira y’ubuhumekero, mu gihe 80% bisohoka mu mpyiko mu buryo bwa aside hippuric. Nyuma yo kugera kuri toluene, aside hippuric mu nkari yiyongera vuba mu masaha 2, hanyuma ikazamuka buhoro buhoro ikagaruka ku rugero rusanzwe mu masaha 16-24 nyuma yo kugeramo. Igice gito cya aside benzoic kivanga na aside glucuronic kugira ngo habeho ibintu bitari uburozi. Munsi ya 1% bya toluene bihinduka o-cresol. Mu bidukikije, toluene ihinduka aside benzoic cyangwa ikarangirira mu mazi mu gihe cy’ingufu zikomeye cyangwa iyo hari ibintu bitera umwuka iyo bihuye n’umwuka.
Ibisigazwa n'ubwiyongere: Hafi 80% bya toluene bisohoka mu nkari z'abantu n'inkwavu nk'aside ya hippuric, mu gihe igice kinini cy'ibisigaye gisohoka. Aba banditsi banavuze ko 0.4%–1.1% bya toluene bisohoka muri o-cresol. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko metabolite nyamukuru, aside ya hippuric, isohoka vuba mu nkari. Mu bihe bisanzwe byo guhura n'ibintu mu kazi, aside ya hippuric isohoka hafi ya yose mu masaha 24 nyuma yo guhura n'ibintu mu kazi. Ariko, bitewe no guhura n'ibintu mu masaha 8 buri munsi bigakurikirwa n'amasaha 16 yo kutagaragara, aside ya hippuric ishobora kwiyongera mu cyumweru cy'akazi, ariko ingano yayo igaruka ku rugero rwa mbere yo guhura n'ibintu mu mpera z'icyumweru. Ingano ya aside ya hippuric mu nkari isanzwe iratandukanye cyane (0.3–2.5 g) bitewe n'imirire n'itandukaniro ry'umuntu ku giti cye. Kubwibyo, kwinjiza toluene ntibishobora gusobanurwa neza ukurikije urugero rwa aside ya hippuric mu nkari, ariko bifite ukuri mu bushakashatsi bw'itsinda bwo kumenya kwinjiza toluene. Imbeba zavuwe mbere na phenobarbital zagaragaje ko umuvuduko wo gucika kwa toluene mu maraso wiyongera kandi ko igihe cyo gusinzira cyagabanutse nyuma yo guterwa toluene, bigaragaza ko enzymes zo mu mwijima zishobora gutera imbaraga mu mikorere ya toluene.
Kwimuka no Guhinduka: Toluene ikorwa ahanini mu mavuta akomoka kuri peteroli binyuze mu buryo bwa peteroli. Ikoreshwa nk'umusemburo mu mavuta, resins, rubber karemano n'iya sintetike, kaburimbo y'amakara, asphalt, na acetate ya cellulose. Ikoreshwa kandi nk'umusemburo mu marangi ya cellulose na varnish, ndetse no mu gushushanya no gushushanya wino. Toluene kandi ni ingenzi mu gukora organic synthesis, cyane cyane kuri benzoyl chloride, phenyl compounds, saccharin, trinitrotoluene, n'andi marangi menshi. Ni kandi igice cya lisansi y'indege n'imodoka. Toluene irahindagurika kandi ntigira ingaruka mbi mu bidukikije. Bitewe n'ingendo z'umwuka, ikwirakwira cyane mu bidukikije kandi ikomeza gusubiramo hagati y'umwuka n'amazi binyuze mu mvura no mu mwuka uva ku butaka bw'amazi. Amaherezo ishobora kwangirika binyuze mu binyabuzima na mikorobe. Incamake y'ikigereranyo cy'ingano ya toluene mu kirere cyo mu mijyi ku isi igaragaza ingano isanzwe ya 112.5–150 μg/m³, cyane cyane ituruka ku myuka ituruka kuri lisansi (ibyuka by'imodoka, gutunganya lisansi) n'ibihombo n'imyuka ituruka ku byuma bihumanya ikirere bivuye mu nganda.
Ingamba z'ubutabazi bw'ibanze
Gufata uruhu: Kuramo imyenda yanduye hanyuma woze uruhu neza n'isabune n'amazi.
Guhuza amaso: Kura amaso hanyuma woge n'amazi atemba cyangwa umuti wa saline. Shaka ubufasha kwa muganga.
Guhumeka: Jya mu mwuka mwiza vuba. Komeza guhumeka neza. Tanga umwuka wa ogisijeni niba guhumeka bigoye. Kora umwuka w'ubukorano niba guhumeka bihagaze. Shaka ubufasha kwa muganga.
Kurya: Nywa amazi ashyushye menshi kugira ngo utere kuruka. Shaka ubufasha kwa muganga.
Ingamba zo kurwanya inkongi
Ibiranga Akaga: Irashya; umwuka uvanze n'umwuka ushobora gukora uruvange rw'ibintu biturika. Guhura n'umuriro ufunguye cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi bishobora gutera gutwika cyangwa guturika. Igira ingaruka zikomeye ku binyabutabire. Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi ushobora gukora no kwegeranya amashanyarazi adahinduka. Umwotsi uremereye kurusha umwuka kandi ushobora gukwirakwira kure ukagera mu bice byo hasi, aho ushobora gushya ugasubira inyuma.
Ibikomoka ku gutwika bishobora guteza akaga: Monoxide ya karuboni, dioxyde de carbone.
Uburyo bwo kuzimya inkongi: Konjesha ibikoresho birimo amazi ashyushye. Kwimura ibikoresho biva aho umuriro ucanira ubishyire ahantu hafunguye niba bishoboka. Niba ibikoresho biri aho umuriro ucanira byahinduye ibara cyangwa bigatanga amajwi aturutse ku bikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko, hita ubivamo.
Ibintu bizimya umuriro: Ifuro, ifu yumye, dioxyde de carbone, umucanga. Amazi ntakora neza mu kuzimya umuriro.
Gutabara mu gihe cy'impanuka zo kuva
Ubutabazi bwihutirwa: Kura abakozi mu gace kamenetsemo amazi ubajyane ahantu hizewe, uvange, kandi ugenzure neza uburyo bwo kwinjira. Kuraho amasoko y'umuriro. Abashinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa bagomba kwambara ibyuma bifasha guhumeka bifite umuvuduko mwiza n'imyenda yo kwirinda. Gabanya aho amazi ava. Irinde ko yinjira mu myobo y'amazi, mu miyoboro y'amazi, cyangwa ahandi hantu hafungiranye.
Gutobora amazi: Kuramo ukoresheje activated carbon cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bitagira umwuka. Ubundi buryo, oza ukoresheje emulsion ikozwe mu kintu kidatwika, ongera amazi yo kumesa, hanyuma uyasuke mu buryo bw'amazi yanduye.
Gutemba kw'amazi menshi: Hubaka imiyoboro cyangwa imyobo yo kwirinda ibyamenetse. Upfuke ifuro kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago by'umwuka. Koresha ipompo zirinda guturika kugira ngo uzishyire mu matangi cyangwa mu bikoresho byihariye byo gukusanya imyanda kugira ngo bigarurwe cyangwa bitabwe mu bigo bisukura imyanda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-24-2026